Food Recipes

bread Ingredients 1 packet (2 1/4 tsps) active dry yeast 1 cup warm water (110 – 120 degrees) 2 Tbsp. milk, room temperature 1 Tbsp. dark brown sugar 3 Tbsps. melted butter, room temperature 1 tsp. coarse salt 3 cups bread flour (spooned and leveled) 4 quarts of water 1/2 cup baking soda Coarse salt to taste 2 Tbsps. melted butter Directions †¢In the bowl of a stand mixer or in a large bowl, combine the yeast, water, milk, brown sugar, and butter. Let the mixture rest for 10 minutes so the yeast come alive. †¢Mix in the coarse salt, then the flour, one cup at a time. The dough will be tacky. Spray a large bowl with cooking spray or coat with oil. Transfer the dough to the bowl, flip to coat on both sides, and cover with plastic wrap for 30 minutes. †¢After 30 minutes, knead the dough for 10 minutes until it is smooth and elastic. Return the dough to the bowl, flip to cover both sides, and re-cover for an hour, or until roughly doubled in size. †¢Preheat the oven to 400 degrees and bring 4 quarts (16 cups) of water to a boil. Gently deflate the dough and cut in half using a sharp knife or bench scraper. Shape each half into a round loaf. †¢Slowly add the 1/2 cup of baking soda to the boiling water (it will bubble).Place one piece of dough onto a large slotted spoon and gently lower into the boiling water. Use the spoon to flip the dough in the boiling water for around 20 seconds, then lift the dough out of the water with the slotted spoon – allow the excess water to drip back into the pot. †¢Set the dough onto a greased baking sheet. Repeat the water bath with the remaining dough. Sprinkle both rounds with coarse salt, then slash an X on the top of each with a sharp knife so the bread can expand while it bakes. †¢Bake for 20-25 minutes, rotating the sheet halfway through. †¢Remove from the oven and brush with melted butter.

A Comparison Of A Clockwork Orange And 1984 Essay

A Comparison of A Clockwork Orange and 1984 In futuristic literature one often encounters political systems that dominate and oppress. In George Orwell’s 1984 and Anthony Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange, government control uses various methods to force the citizens to conform. Brain washing was used for a common purpose in both stories, to forget and change the characters past actions. In A Clockwork Orange, brain washing was used after Alex had committed all his crimes, as a method of treatment for his violent tendencies. When Alex would cry for them to stop the horrible films, that he was forced to watch, Br. Brodsky said â€Å"We have to be hard on you, you have to be cured.† (Burgess,86) This experimental treatment was being used full force, Alex being the gini pig. The Charlie warned Alex before singing him up that â€Å"It’s only in the experimental stage at the moment. It’s very simple but very drastic.†(Burgess, 67) Alex’s treatment turned out to be â€Å"successful† in the doctors eye’s. He was cured of all his violence, left to the brutality of society that he could no longer deal with. In 1984 brain washing was a non-stop method of control used 24 hours everywhere Winston would go. He and Alex were lead to a similar fate. Although the constant attempt by Big Brother to have total control over all citizens of Ociania by propaganda and telescreens did not work on Winston, the torture and room 101 let him understand â€Å"double think† and learn to love Big Brother. Big Brother could make him believe anything, â€Å"Then almost without a pause he wrote: two and two make five.†(Orwell,239) A the end of 1984 Winston believed â€Å"He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother.†(Orwell,256) Propaganda and brain washing can have positive and negative results on a society, both are presented in these novels. No matter what the result on society, the outcome on the person is always harmful. In 1984 Winston became compliant to the government and the rest of society. Any rebellion or self-control that Winston had was forced out of him by the brain washing and propaganda. Winston and Julia always said, â€Å"What you say or do doesn’t matter: only feelings matter. If they could make me stop loving you- that would be real betrayal.† (Orwell, 136) They went in to room 101 knowing they would confess  but saying they would never stop loving each other, â€Å"They can’t get inside you.† (Orwell, 136) They were wrong. After the government was done with them they had no love for anything but Big Brother. By the government achieving this, they eliminated any chance of Winston or Julia rebelling against them. This therefore diminished the hope that any rebellion would occur to save the disciplined society. The opposite was true in A Clockworks Orange Alex had love like he had never experienced before. Alex had become so desensitized as a child that he could commit horrible crimes with no remorse what so ever. â€Å"That was disgusting so we have him the boot, one go each, and then it was blood, not song nor vomit, that came out of his filthy old rot. Then we went on our way.† (Burgess,15) In fact Alex found enjoyment in others pain caused by himself. His treatment therefore made him fit societies standards in a positive way, whereas Winston fit society in a negative way because they took something away that could have helped society. In both books drugs were used by the government to control people and patients. The citizens of Ociania were drugged constantly. Every thing they put in their mouth was controlled by the government. To eat anything else was against the law. Each social class had their own food and drink they could consume. Winston was not an important person in the governments eyes so he did not get high quality possessions. â€Å"He took a cigarette form a crumpled packet marked VICTORY CIGARETTES and incautiously held it upright, whereupon the tobacco fell out on to the floor.†(Orwell,10) The important government officials not only had the power to turn off their telescreens, which were a constant source of brainwashing, but they could also eat and drink high quality, normal food. â€Å"It’s Inner Party coffee. It’s all Inner Party stuff. There’s nothing those swine don’t have, nothing.†(Orwell,125) Once arrested Winston was drugged by O’Brien so as to be more susceptible to ideas. â€Å"Winston could not remember whether it was in drugged sleep, or in normal sleep a voice murmured in his ear: Don’t worry I shall save you, I shall make you perfect.†(Orwell, 210) Drugs were used in the same manner in A Clockwork Orange before being taken  to watch the horrible films he would be shot with drugs so that the film would affect him faster. â€Å"After every meal we shall be giving you a shot in the arm.†(Burgess,78) â€Å"Now all the time I was watching this I was beginning to get very aware of a like not feeling all that well, and this I put down to the under-nourishment and my stomach not quite ready for the rich pishcha and vitamins I was getting here.†(Burgess,82) Drugs caused both these cha racters to be manipulated at the hands of their oppressors to mold them to fit their totalitarian ways. These two pieces of literature are perfect examples of political systems that dominate and oppress. Both use various forms of brain washing to create a certain type of person that will conform to the society they have created. The novels also show the impact that brain washing and propaganda have on the society and what it takes away from the individual. Although these stories are not mirror images of our civilization in this day and time, it is not difficult to associate some of the ideas presented in these two book to what we have, and to what is to come.

Simulation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Simulation plan - Essay Example The result shows that it is essential to develop training infrastructure before action, such as team pilot project, product development team, and product improvement team. In addition, majority of effective moves are based on the integration of departments, communication and vision of the organization. The most influential actions in the simulation include identification of the problem which garnered an overall effectiveness of 100% in timing and 80% effectiveness in method. Financial and competitiveness, which was done at the most effective time, had 100% time effectiveness. Other notable actions include stakeholder mapping that had an effectiveness level of 89% and timing at 93%, team training which was done first was also highly effective at 84%. Firing employees who resist change had 82% of good timing and 100% of effectiveness. This was the right decision. Training and mentoring new and existing team members is also good for a change and is 100% effective in timing and importance. Despite the positive outcomes of the game, there were steps that were problematic. Timing was the major determinant of success. The affected areas include; stakeholder mapping which should have been done before a core change team was identified, the current move is thus out of order. Development of the vision has 18% time effective and 60% effectiveness in action. Though product improvement is timed correctly, it is out of order since training infrastructure must be developed first. This also affected team pilot project and new product development team. Restructuring the firm into teams was out of order with a -50% timing effectiveness. This is because team training should have happened first. The overall score of the simulation game is 62%. This implies that right moves surpass the break-even point by 12%. The index can be improved by addressing the issues that pose a negative impact on the

Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Principles of Economics - Essay Example The economic success of a country derives its roots from the works of individuals. As a result, when individual are well conversant with the principle of economics, overall success is achievable. This paper seek to give an in-depth analysis of how the realization that economic principles underlie the choices we make at a personal, business and societal level has sparked today’s growing interest in economics. Economic Principles Before a commodity reaches the hands of a consumer, it usually undergoes various stages of development. Some of these stages include production and distribution. The entire process is referred to as economics and its contribution to development cannot be neglected. The economics principles usually give an overview of how the economy works. In the achievement of success, a proper understanding of the basics methods and concepts used by economist is necessary. Some of the principles of economics include: (A). Scarcity It is evident that the human needs ar e more than the resources available. As a result, not all the human needs can be satisfied at the same time. In economics, there are two categories of goods namely, free goods and economic goods. Free goods are available free of charge in nature while economic goods are limited in their supply (Mankiv, 2011). As people have been enlightened about scarcity, they are able to make sound decisions on the available resources thus increasing their efficiency. This is favorable for economic development. (B). Rationality In life, not everything comes as expected. As a result, proper reasoning is very necessary in ensuring that one gets a proper understanding situation. Making a rational decision is necessary, as it is optimal in achieving a goal. It usually takes into account all the merits and demerits before coming into a conclusion but taking into account the possible alternatives (Smith, 2008). By the people making sound decision, they are able to make proper economic activities and thu s this has sparkled today’s growing interest in economics. (c). Preferences When a person is offered various items, he is likely to choose one out of the many. The decision to choose one is specifically dependent on an individual. This is mainly derived from the person’s attitude towards the subject. In essence, preference is not static but dynamic over time. This is mainly determined by the person’s knowledge on the item. Because people are equipped with different preferences, they allow them to explore the utilities of all the available options (Loewenstein, 2007). Since by making preferences one increases the net utility, it directly and indirectly influences economic development. (D). Restrictions If a person was to be asked on the items he would desire in life to achieve his set goals and objectives, it is evident that there are always restriction that would hinder him from achieving them. Some of restriction are clearly indicated in the budgets and input c ost. For example, if the input cost is very high beyond the capability of a person, then he is bound not to undertake the transaction. Under such conditions, maximization is challenged. Therefore having clearly understanding how to maximize when restriction are there is necessary in ensuring that economic development is achieved. (E). Opportunity Cost This derives its roots from scarcity. Due to scarcity, the resources available to a person

What is ICD-10 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is ICD-10 - Research Paper Example Each category includes a set of related diseases or health conditions. Buechner (2002) states that there are over 120,000 codes available in ICD-10. ICD-10 is actually a diagnostic code set that interprets the signs, symptoms, diagnosis of diseases, abnormalities and other health conditions from words to codes which are used to store, retrieve and analyze the data later on (World Health Organization, 2004, p. 3). It was originally meant for the statistical classification of mortality rate recorded at the time of death registration. Afterwards, it played its role in compilation of morbidity statistics as well. ICD-10 was published in 1992 and has been in use in WHO Member States since 1994 after getting approved by the forty-third World Health Assembly in 1990. ICD-10 was published when the need for a stable and flexible classification system was felt that would not require revisions for many years. The Federal agency, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in the United States, holds the responsibility for the maintenance of ICD-10. WHO has approved the expansion of versions of ICD-10 to be used in the United States for typical government reasons. All amendments to be done to the ICD-10 must obey the rules laid down by WHO conferences for the ICD. ICD-10-CM is the clinical modification of ICD-10 and is referred to as a new diagnosis coding system that has replaced volumes 1 & 2 of ICD-9-CM. it was developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; while, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) holds the responsibility to maintain this clinical modification coding. According to AHIMA (2009), it is a morbidity classification system that classifies the diagnoses of diseases along with other reasons for healthcare encounters. Health conditions are given alphanumeric codes comprising of 3-7 digits. The clinical modification contains features that give

Advantages of Online Recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Advantages of Online Recruitment - Essay Example In using this modern technology rather than the more conventional recruitment channels, companies, as well as applicants, have experienced several advantages (Frandsen and Ferguson, 2014). The researcher endeavors to explain some of the major advantages of the online recruitment process for organizations. Â  Recruitment can be defined as the process of searching and attracting competent applicants for the purpose of employment. This process establishes a link between potential employees to their job seekers. A headhunter goes over the recruitment process in order to stimulate talented individuals to apply for jobs in their organization. The processes usually commence when potential candidates are sought and concludes when they submit their applications. Â  Online recruitment, also sometimes referred to as e-recruitment is one of the most cost-effective and powerful way of recruiting employees for an organization. This mechanism offers companies with the flexibility to search for candidates in the required field and assess their capability on the basis of the company’s requirements. The online recruitment system is designed over a platform that is powered by information technology. The components of an online recruitment system are an administrator, job seeker, and the company. Â  One of the major advantages of online recruitment is that it offers organizations with a wider access and geographical spread thereby enabling HR managers to find talent not only from the domestic circuit but from the international arena as well. This enables managers to achieve two-fold objectives. First of all HR managers are able to diversify their pool of workforce by recruiting people from different cultural backgrounds.

Animated Sitcom Visual Arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Animated Sitcom Visual Arts - Essay Example It goes without saying that many a times, hiding behind the perceived intentions of creating fun, the animated sitcoms do comment on the politically sensitive issues like race, gender and age in a very thought provoking and unsettling manner. The animated sitcoms do mostly afford to challenge or disturb the social status quos, because the society mostly perceives them as being something created to be inherently funny and ridiculous. No wonder, if something is being perceived as being quintessentially funny and ridiculous, the nonconventional social comments and observations made by such a genre are more than often forgiven, because of being taken as something light and imaginary. It goes without saying that the animated sitcoms realized the complete extent of poetic license they carry over a period of time, through much trial and experimentation. If one analyzes the animated sitcoms in a historical context, one simply cannot fail observing the fact that the families found in the anim ated sitcoms have gradually graduated from being normal, to funny, to being outright subversive. The animation aspect of these sitcoms allows the artists to portray even the most socially horrifying and sensitive aspects of life in a way that appears and sounds less offensive to the viewers. Certainly, the controversy that the animated sitcoms are able to dilute and mitigate in their peculiar format is something that perhaps even the most popular of live action shows cannot get away with. However, the more serious connoisseurs of animated sitcoms do know that the comedy inherent in the animated sitcoms is definitely not mindless and flimsy. Actually it is in a way the projection of a visual social commentary which does have the capacity to give way to meaningful discussions and analysis. In fact it would be very relevant to say that in the contemporary societies there exists a space for creativity, which the society cannot allow being traversed by live action and other formats of en tertainment, unless they carry around them a reputation for being abjectly comical and humorous. It is this creative space in the contemporary society which the animated sitcoms manage to wriggle through without any risk or danger, because they qualify the requisite of being perceived as being funny and comical. It is for this very reason that the animated sitcoms are allowed to challenge the most sacrosanct of social, political and economic ideologies and views. The viewers do not even expect or even allow the live action sitcoms to do so, because they believe that the events taking place in these sitcoms are accurate depictions of the real life situations. However, when it comes to animated sitcoms, anything is possible. No wonder, most of the writers associated with animated sitcoms are well aware of this immense potential of cartoon characters. That is why they choose animation to get their ideas across. 2) It goes without saying that the concept of cartoon president is indeed b rilliant and very pragmatic to a great extent. Considering the current cultural and political state, the landscape is replete with many socio-political holy cows and taboos. The entire idea of political leadership

Fame and Celebrity - Snoop Dogg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fame and Celebrity - Snoop Dogg - Essay Example The process of producing a celebrity undergoes a different kind of ‘commodification’. Celebrityhood, as it is specifically called, is a process in which people are transformed into ‘commodities’, that is, to be manufactured and consumed. The production of celebrities is facilitated by various forms of media, such as television, film, newspapers, magazines, the Internet, and others (Couldry 2003). The objective of this study is to analyze the mechanism of celebrityhood through an inclusive examination of one contemporary celebrity; for this case, the gangsta rapper Snoop Dogg. The study will attempt to discuss how Snoop Dogg was ‘celebritized’ across a range of media by applying the fundamental theories and concepts covered in the discussion on the sociology of celebrity. Primarily, the paper will examine the systems of celebrity production relevant to Snoop Dogg’s rise to fame. Then, the concepts of cultural industries and cultural intermediaries will be taken into account so as to thoroughly analyze the various components that facilitated the production and consumption of Snoop Dogg as a celebrity. The next section will discuss the production of fame mechanism, involving the rise of celebrity journalism, tabloidization, and celebrity scandal. Finally, the paper will wrap up the discussion by providing sociological analyses of the ‘celebritization’ of Snoop Dogg, using the relevant theories of sociological imagination by C. Wright Mills and the ‘powerless elite’ by Alberoni. The production of Snoop Dogg as a celebrity was facilitated by a variety of medium, namely, stardom and the movies, magazines, newspapers and tabloids, reality television and most importantly, the popular music’s star system. Snoop was introduced to stardom through the assistance of other famous rappers, such as Dr. Dre, who gave Snoop’s biggest musical break (Haggins 2007). However, stardom presented Snoop differently as a rising celebrity to the public.

Sensory evaluation of food Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sensory evaluation of food - Assignment Example Sensory evaluation is sometimes done to label a product as acceptable or unacceptable. Sensory evaluation gives information about the typical characteristics of the food product or any of its ingredients so that any necessary change can be made to the food item or any ingredient can be avoided or replaced. A sensory analysis on a final product or newly introduced product would judge whether the food item is in line with its original specification. Feedback is collected after sensory evaluation so that any small or big amendment may be made to improve the product. Further evaluation would include the analysis of the food properties. Properties of the food and its ingredients are scientifically measured. These measured scientific properties are analyzed and interpreted to get the results. Sensory analysis would tell how the assessed food item is perceived through the five senses. Appearance, taste, smell, touch and hearing are the five factors that are used as parameters to analyze the food item. The color of the food item, its smell, its taste, its physical nature and sound would grade it. The color of a food item would reveal some of its properties. For example, deep fried items and those with artificial color would reveal its nature through its color. The smell of gravy will reveal the presence of absence of spices in it. Taste of a food item would disclose majority of its ingredients. Taste would reveal what is included and what is missing. As we touch a cake we will understand how much cream is used for making it. If you want to test a piece of banana or potato chips you just need to bite it once. Sensory evaluation would thus give complete analysis of a food item. Sensory evaluation is very much required for newly developed products. Sensory analysis would check whether a newly developed product is unique or comparable to another product of same range. Some products may be complete imitations of another product which is already established. Some may

Coursework 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coursework 1 - Assignment Example The Edhi Foundation also has air ambulances so that they can reach faster to remote areas. Its headquarters are in Karachi, Pakistan and in Karachi alone it has eight hospitals that provide free medicinal care, cater to diabetes patients, eye hospitals, a cancer hospital etc. There are also two blood banks managed by the Edhi Foundation in Karachi. Many lives have been saved by their services, be it babies, orphans, mothers, the elderly. (Foundation, 2012) Edhi and his wife Bilquis have been like what water is to a parched land and they have spent their entire lives working for the welfare of the needy in Pakistan and abroad and they continue to do so. They function in eleven places outside Pakistan and are perhaps the only charitable organization that has gone international in Pakistan. They are totally committed to the people; fame and publicity have never attracted them and they prefer to just be dedicated to a lifetime of work and betterment of the society. (Magnier, 2011) Abdul Sattar Edhi, the founder of this society was brought up in a way that inculcated kindness as a part of everything in him. His mother brought him up with strong morals and he saw the impoverished life of the poor and sought to help them. He started with his one can called the â€Å"poor man’s van† and lead up to what his society is today: claiming bodies, burying them, rescuing people from any ailment he possibly could. Since he started, his ambulances have been all over Karachi, in good times and bad equally. He has been truly there for the people, which is why his organization again has a competitive advantage over others. Apart from always being there, they were the first South Asian Foundation to own air ambulances. There are 3,500 workers and many volunteers who help make it the best organization possible for the people. (Foundation, 2012) And despite all the fame he could

Inventions that change the world Essay Example for Free

Inventions that change the world Essay American statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin was particularly interested in electricity and set up a small laboratory in his house to investigate its properties. His interest soon switched from electricity to lightning after he noticed the similarities between the two. One stormy night, he conducted a life-threatening experiment to demonstrate that lightning is the result of an electric build up. He constructed a kite that carried a metal spike and flew it into the thunderstorm. The kite had a key attached near the bottom of the ribbon and Franklin noticed that it sparked as he brought his knuckles close to it. Franklin had shown that lightning was form of electricity and he went on to use this knowledge to design a lightning rod to protect buildings. LINNAEAN TAXONOMY Linnaean taxonomy is a system of classification of living organism that is used throughout biological sciences. The most important feature of Linnaean Taxonomy is a system known as binomial nomenclature. The first name identifies the genus to which the organism belongs; the second name is its unique species. BIMETTALIC STRIP A bimetallic strip is a simple device which converts thermal energy into mechanical motion. It is used as a thermally activated switch or heat indicator and works on the principle of differential expansion of heated dissimilar metals. The bimetallic strip is made up of two different metals which are bonded together to form a straight, flat strip or a concentric coil. When the strip is heated, one of the metals heats up and expands faster than the other, causing the strip to bend. This mechanical deflection  is then harnessed in various ways to switch electrical circuits or move a dial to a give heat value indication. MARINE CHRONOMETER A marine chronometer is a clock that is precise and accurate enough to be used as a portable time standard; it can therefore be used to determine longitude by means of celestial navigation. When first developed in the 18th century, it was a major technical achievement, as accurate knowledge of the time over a long sea voyage is necessary for navigation, lacking electronic or communications aids. The first true chronometer was the life work of one man, John Harrison, spanning 31 years of persistent experimentation and testing that revolutionized naval (and later aerial) navigation. SPINNING JENNY The increased speed of weaving created a new problem because it now took three spinners to keep up with one weaver. This problem was resolved in 1764, when James Hargreaves invented a new machine that was capable of spinning eight threads of cotton yarn, instead of the spinning wheels one. The new machine was called the spinning jenny. All this time the processes of spinning and weaving were still being carried out at home. This was possible because both the flying shuttle and the spinning jenny were small enough to be used in the cottage. SURVEYOR’S PERAMBULATOR WHEEL The origins of the surveyors wheel are connected to the origins of the odometer. While the latter is derived to measure distances travelled by a vehicle, the former is specialized to measure distances. Much of the material on the earliest stages in the development of the hodometer is adequately covered in odometer. In the 17th century, the surveyors wheel was re-introduced and used to measure distances. A single wheel is attached to a handle and the device can be pushed or pulled along by a person walking. Early devices were made of wood and may have an iron rim to provide strength. The wheels themselves would be made in the same manner as wagon wheels and often by the same makers. The measuring devices would be made by makers of scientific instruments and the device and handles would be attached to the wheel by them. The device to read the distance travelled would be mounted either near the hub of the wheel or at the top of the  handle. STEAM ENGINE WITH SEPARATE CONDENSER A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. Steam engines are external combustion engines where the working fluid is separate from the combustion products. Non-combustion heat sources such as solar power, nuclear power or geothermal energy may be used. The ideal thermodynamic cycle used to analyze this process is called the Rankine cycle. In the cycle, water is heated and transforms into steam within a boiler operating at a high pressure. When expanded through pistons or turbines, mechanical work is done. The reduced-pressure steam is then condensed and pumped back into the boiler. WATER FRAME In 1769, a wig maker and pricier, Richard Arkwright, had observed that, even with these improvements, the hand loom weavers could not keep up with the demand for cloth. He therefore set out to design and produces a much larger spinning machine that would be able to cope with the increased demand. His design became known as the water frame. It was given this name because it needed energy from a watermill to power it. It was therefore too large for cottage work and, consequently, had to be placed in a large building known as a factory. This meant that, for the first time, a family involved in the production of woven cloth were now split up. The women of the family, whom, you will remember, were the traditional spinners, now, had to leave their cottages and work in a large building where the water frames had been installed. Since these factories used water as their power source, they tended to be built in areas where a good supply of fast flowing water was available. These early water powered factories, because they looked like large watermills, became known as mills. They were mainly concentrated in the mountainous areas of Britain where water was plentiful. For the first time men and women were separated in their work. The man stayed at home to produce the weaving and the women left home each day to work in the factory, producing the yarn for their men folk to weave into cloth. VENETIAN BLIND Venetian blind is a type of window covering. There are many different kinds of window blinds which use a variety of control systems. A typical window blind is made up of several long horizontal or vertical slats of various  types of fabric, wood, plastic or metal which are held together by cords that run through the blind slats. Window blinds can be adjusted by rotating them from an open position to a closed position with either a manual or remote control which allows the slats to overlap and block out most of the light. There are also several types of window blinds that use a single piece of material instead of slats. A window blind is also known as a window shade. CATERPILLAR TRACKS Continuous track, also called tank tread or caterpillar track, is a system of vehicle propulsion in which a continuous band of treads is driven by two or more wheels. This band is typically made of modular steel plates in the case of military vehicles, or rubber reinforced with steel wires in the case of lighter agricultural or construction vehicles. The large surface area of the tracks distributes the weight of the vehicle better than steel or rubber tyres on an equivalent vehicle, enabling a continuous tracked vehicle to traverse soft ground with less likelihood of becoming stuck due to sinking. The prominent treads of the metal plates are both hard-wearing and damage resistant, especially in comparison to rubber tyres. The aggressive treads of the tracks provide good traction in soft surfaces but can damage paved surfaces. Special tracks that incorporate rubber pads can be installed for use on paved surfaces to prevent the damage that can be caused by all-metal tracks. Continuous tracks can be traced back as far as 1770 and today are commonly used on a variety of vehicle including bulldozers, excavators, tanks, and tractors, but can be found on any vehicle used in an application that can benefit from the added traction, low ground pressure and durability inherent in continuous track propulsion systems. SODA WATER Carbonated water (soda water) is water into which carbon dioxide gas under pressure has been dissolved. This process, known as carbonation, is a process that causes the water to become effervescent. For people who enjoy drinking soft drinks, carbonated water can provide a calorie- and sugar-free substitute. The vast majority of carbonated water is sold in ready to drink bottles like mineral water or carbonated beverages such as soft drinks, but it is easy to prepare at home with soda makers. S-TRAP FOR TOILET In plumbing, a trap is a U-, S-, or J-shaped pipe located below or within a plumbing fixture. An S-shaped trap is also known as the S-bend invented by Alexander Cummings in 1775 but became known as the U-bend following the introduction of the U-shaped trap by Thomas Crapper in 1880. The new U-bend could not jam, so, unlike the S-bend, it did not need an overflow. The bend is used to prevent sewer gases from entering buildings. In refinery applications, it also prevents hydrocarbons and other dangerous gases from escaping outside through drains. The most common of these traps in houses is referred to as a P-trap. It is the addition of a 90 degree fitting on the outlet side of a U-bend, thereby creating a P-like shape. It is also referred to as a sink trap because it is installed under most house sinks. Because of its shape, the trap retains a small amount of water after the fixtures use. This water in the trap creates a seal that prevents sewer gas from passing from the drain pipes back into the occupied space of the building. Essentially all plumbing fixtures including sinks, bathtubs, and toilets must be equipped with either an internal or external trap. Because it is a localized low-point in the plumbing, sink traps also tend to capture heavy objects (such as jewellery) that are inadvertently dropped into the sink. Traps also tend to collect hair, sand, and other debris and limit the ultimate size of objects that will pass on into the rest of the plumbing, thereby catching over-sized objects. For all of these reasons, most traps can either be disassembled for cleaning or they provide some sort of cleanout feature. SUBMERSIBLE CRAFT Submersible is a small vehicle designed to operate underwater. The term submersible is often used to differentiate from other underwater vehicles known as submarines, in that a submarine is a fully autonomous craft, capable of renewing its own power and breathing air, whereas a submersible is usually supported by a surface vessel, platform, shore team or sometimes a larger submarine. In common usage by the general public, however, the word submarine may be used to describe a craft that is by the technical definition actually a submersible. There are many types of submersibles, including both manned and unmanned craft, otherwise known as remotely operated vehicles or ROVs. Submersibles have many uses worldwide, such as oceanography, underwater archaeology, ocean exploration, adventure, equipment maintenance/recovery or underwater videographer. BORING MACHINE A tunnel boring machine (TBM) also known as a mole, is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. They can bore through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunnel diameters can range from a metre (done with micro-TBMs) to 19.25 m to date. Tunnels of less than a metre or so in diameter are typically done using trenchless construction methods or horizontal directional drilling rather than TBMs. Tunnel boring machines are used as an alternative to drilling and blasting (DB) methods in rock and conventional hand mining in soil. TBMs have the advantages of limiting the disturbance to the surrounding ground and producing a smooth tunnel wall. This significantly reduces the cost of lining the tunnel, and makes them suitable to use in heavily urbanized areas. The major disadvantage is the upfront cost. TBMs are expensive to construct, and can be difficult to transport. However, as modern tunnels become longer, the cost of tunnel b oring machines versus drill and blast is actually less—this is because tunnelling with TBMs is much more efficient and results in a shorter project. STEAMBOAT A steamboat is a boat in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels. Steamboats sometimes use the prefix designation SS, S.S. or S/S (for Screw Steamer) or PS (for Paddle Steamer), however these designations are most often used for Steamships. The term steamboat is used to refer to smaller, insular, steam-powered boats working on lakes and rivers, particularly riverboats. As using steam became more reliable, steam power became applied to larger, ocean-going vessels.

Europe and Turkey Essay Example for Free

Europe and Turkey Essay Discussions about Euro-Turkish relations today would normally hover around Turkey’s application for membership to the European Union which has been pending since the mid 1900s.   Turkey, a predominantly Muslim country situated in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia, has been an associate member of the European Community (the forerunner of the European Union) since 1964, but is still working for a full membership forty-two years later. (Turkey. The World Fact Book. Para 1) The union, which started as a regional economic grouping in 1951, counted among its six original members the countries of Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. It opened its doors for new members for the first time in 1973 when it welcomed into its folds Denmark, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. Another country joined in 1981(Greece) and two more countries enlisted in 1986.   The year 1995 accounted for three additional members, and, finally, in 2004, ten more countries were granted full membership to wrap up today’s final roster of twenty-five member-countries. The European Union, in a recruitment process which spanned thirty-one years, accepted a total of nineteen additional members since 1951. (European Union. The World Fact Book.   para.2)   This fairly robust growth in the union membership compels us to ask the obvious questions:   What happened to Turkey’s application for membership which was filed forty-two years ago – nine years before the union first opened its doors for new members?   Bypassed five times in thirty-one years, does Turkey still stand a chance for that elusive membership?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .   Historical Background.   The conundrum that characterizes the Euro-Turkish relationship has its historical roots in the 1800s.   When the heads of states of the European countries gathered together after the fall of Napoleon in 1814 in what has been known as the â€Å"Congress of Vienna† to literally remake the map of Europe, every country was represented except Turkey.   The reason for this was never explicitly given in any historical account.   However, this discriminatory act prompted Turkey to adopt the view that Europe was becoming a â€Å"Christian Club†, considering the fact that it was the only predominantly Muslim country in the region. There were attempts to brush aside this Turkish claim by referring to numerous incidents of massacre and claims of corruption in the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – practices which were said to be intolerable for Europeans. (Gerolymatos, para.5)   Looking back at that point in history, however, we are left to wonder whether these reasons were real, fabricated, or even morally adequate to warrant such an exclusionary action on the part of the congress initiators.   In fairness to Turkey, could the rest of Europe claim absolute innocence of such offences during those turbulent years in European history?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Congress of Vienna.   A careful reading of the intents of the Congress of Vienna would show us that the Turkish claim might not be as baseless as congress organizers wanted it to appear.   The primary goal of the gathering was to restore political boundaries in Europe which were abolished by the expansionist wars waged by Napoleon.   One of the four principles that guided the Congress of Vienna in that self-appointed task of reestablishing the European political order was the â€Å"encirclement of France†.   At the time, the Congress of Vienna considered the task of adopting adequate measures to guard against future aggressions by France so urgent that it decided that fortresses situated in strategic points surrounding France should be controlled by allied forces for up to a period of five years. It is clear, therefore, that what was commonly at the back of every congress delegates’ minds at that time was what to do to contain France. Yet, it interestingly, the four major players in that meeting were Lord Castlereagh of Great Britain, Tsar Alexander I of Russia, Prince von Metternich of Austria, and Talleyrand of France![1] (Wallbank, Taylor, Carson. 1960)   What a way for a France-wary Europe to include a French representative in concocting anti-French plans!   Was it not ironical, therefore, that while France appeared to be the bad guy of the day, it was Turkey who got excluded from the congress? The Right of Turkey.   Let us look at the map of Europe in 1815[2] and consider the geographical locations of the three European countries who figured prominently in that conference with relevance to their proximity to France, vis a vis Turkey.   Great Britain is nearest, but it is an island separated from the continent by the English Channel, and was, in fact, protected by the most advanced navy during those times.   The Austrian Empire and the Ottoman Empire were almost equidistant from, and were both separated from France, by the Germanic Federation, the Kingdom of Hungary, Switzerland, and the Kingdom of Sardinia.   Tsarist Russia was farthest, because it is situated behind the Empire of Austria. (Wallbank, et al. 1960)   If the fear of further threats from France was what forced these three nations to exert undue influence on the Congress of Vienna to do something about France, then Turkey had as much right as they had to be in that meeting.   Now let us look at the allegations of massacres and corruption involving Turkey which â€Å"were just too much for Europeans to stomach†, and which, apparently, was made an excuse for not inviting Turkey to the conference. (Gerolymatos, para.5)   Again, we have to bear in mind that those were periods of instability and violent struggles for power and survival.   Governments and monarchies were scurrying to consolidate their influence and control over their domains.   As the Jacobins, who were at the helm of the National Convention that governed France in 1793, put it, â€Å"What constitutes the Republic is the complete destruction of everything that is opposed to it.†    And so it was that in France, historians believe that the â€Å"reign of terror†, which reached its peak in 1793, might have accounted for as much as twenty-thousand people executed simply because they were considered royalists, and counted among its victims Queen Marie Antoinette and the great orator Danton, â€Å"because he wished to end the policy of terror†.   It must also be pointed out that during the rule of the monarchy in France (the Bourbon House, represented by Louis XVIII, was restored in France by the Congress of Vienna), the judicial and municipal offices, among others, were for sale. (Wallbank, et al. 1960) So why are they (apparently including the French), being so righteous about these questions of massacres and corruption?   In my research in the subject, although I have found reports of maltreatment by the minority Turks over the Christians in the Balkan Peninsula, I failed to obtain hard historical evidence of â€Å"massacres† during the period in question. However, what I did find were the â€Å"massacre of all Greeks in Constantinople† in 1821 and the â€Å"Turkish massacre of the entire Greek population of the island of Chios in 1822†, both events happening in connection with the Greek uprising of 1821. (Wallbank, et al. 1960) Incidentally, these events happened seven years after the Congress of Vienna and could not have been the ones referred to by the congress delegates.   However, for purposes of discussion, granting that the Turks were as guilty as the French, why condemn the first and exonerate the latter? The Present Situation.   Turkey became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1952. (Turkey. The World Fact Book.   para.1)   It appears that joining a military organization composed mostly of European countries several years after the Second World War did not present much of a problem for Turkey.   In my analysis, this was because Turkey was valuable to NATO at the time.   Together with Greece and Iran, it â€Å"formed the northern tier of the Western perimeter against the encroaching Soviet Union.†Ã‚   (Gerolymatos, para.6) It did not matter then that Turkey was not well-equipped militarily. The United States â€Å"lavished their newfound all[y] with billions of dollars worth of weapons systems† (apparently without any objections coming from her European friends), so that Turkey can perform the functions of a perimeter guard satisfactorily. (para.7). And so the truth was laid out for everyone to see:   that in the name of â€Å"military cooperation†, a subsidized Turkey was considered an ally, treated as â€Å"one of the boys†.   Perhaps even a member of the European family of nations?   Anything just to encourage Turkey to help in the defense of Europe against Russian advances. The European Union.   Moving into the field of economics, everything takes on a very different shape and color.   In this area, according to the Europeans, Turkey undeniably failed to qualify.[3]   It’s as simple as that.   The European Union, despite having considered Turkey as an associate member since 1964, did not lift a finger to help her make the grade.   Instead, the union bureaucrats, in claiming a softening of their position and again to brush aside Turkey’s allegations of the existence of a â€Å"Christian Club† in Europe (remember 1814?), agreed to consider Turkey’s application â€Å"provided that Turkey bring into force several pieces of reform legislation†, then stepped back and waited for results. (Turkey and Europe: An Invitation to Dance? Para.2) No more billions (with no strings attached) to bolster her economy to qualify the country for union membership.   Not like with NATO.   Indeed, it was a far cry from the billions of dollars worth of military hardware which turned Turkey into a worthy member of NATO.   Do I detect a double standard here?   Does it mean that it’s all right to pour billions of dollars into Turkey’s arsenal to help in defending Europe, but it could not be acceptable to help it economically so that it could be eligible for European Union membership?   Interestingly, the military strategists who welcomed Turkey with open arms, and the economists who can’t seem to accept her, are both based in Brussels, Belgium. â€Å"Islamization† of Europe.   There are fears among scholars and independent observers alike, that the â€Å"Islamization† of Europe is imminent in the coming years.   Mr. Pipes, the director of the Middle East Forum, cites two contributory factors, namely: â€Å"the hollowing out of Christianity† [in Europe], and â€Å"an anemic birth rate [among Europeans].† (Moslem Europe. Para. 2 3) Mr. Pipes explains this twin phenomenon as the diminishing number of Europeans who remain to be practicing Christians compared to the fewer, but ever committed and devout Islam followers, on the one hand, and the very low incident of births among Europeans (many of whom do not want to have children), against the unhindered reproduction among Moslems who do not practice birth control, on the other hand. (Para. 3) Following up on this argument being advanced by Mr. Pipe, the world will one day see a Europe populated by a Moslem majority and a Christian minority.   The logic in his reasoning is simple.   First, even if the Christian population remains the numerical majority, if the mainstream Christians are no longer interested in practicing Christianity, Islam, although preached by the minority, has an outside chance of becoming the dominant religious persuasion in the region.   Second, given the Europeans’ seeming indifference to procreation and taking note of the Moslems’ predilection for large families, the future demographic characteristic of Europe certainly favors the Moslem community. The situation, though, is not that hopeless if Mr. Pipe is to be believed.   According to him, although a remote possibility considering things as they are now developing in Europe, this trend towards Islamization could still be thwarted.   Three developments working in concert could still revitalize Europe and restore it to the Christian society that it once was:   first, Christian faith must be restored among the majority of Europeans and birthrate should be increased; second, the Moslem countries has to be modernized (effectively reducing unemployment) to cut down Moslem migration to Europe; and, third, migration to Europe should be diversified, with greater efforts directed at attracting more immigrants from the Christian regions such as the Latin American countries.   Mr. Pipe, however, seems to urge Europe to act with urgency because â€Å"the prospects diminish with time.† (Moslem Europe. Para. 7) Islamic terrorism.   There now exists in Europe what is called the Generation Jihad.[4]   Powell (2005) describes it as the â€Å"restive, rootless young Muslims who have spent their lives in Europe but now find themselves alienated from their societies and the policies of their governments.†   Powell believes that this alienation resulted from frustrations among the ranks of young Muslims to have better opportunities in life, as well as their resentment towards official policies which they feel are prejudicial to Muslims. (Generation Jihad. Page.2) To underscore the danger posed by Islamic terrorism in Europe, Powell cited estimates done by the French police which revealed that out of the recorded 1,600 mosques in France as of 2004, around 150 were controlled by extremist elements.    He also referred to a study which showed that 23% of the 1,160 French nationals who recently converted to Islam admitted to being Salafists, or members of a violent extremist sect. (Generation Jihad. Page 2)  Ã‚   He also argued that the occupation of Iraq by the United States and her allies has influenced the Muslims in Europe into believing that these western countries are determined to destroy Islam.   This belief somewhat radicalized the Muslims and convinced them that their only recourse is to fight and defend Islam. (Page 4) Conclusion.   As had been shown earlier in this paper, there undeniably exists a feeling of unexplained awkwardness and even mistrust among Christian European countries towards the predominantly Muslim Turkey since the nineteenth century.   The recent developments associating Muslims with terrorism in Europe are more likely to widen this rift between Turkey and the rest of the continent.   Moreover, the fear of the Islamization of Europe voiced by some observers does absolutely nothing to bridge this gap. Considering the poor economic conditions in Turkey which have already fallen short of the European Union standards, the aforementioned factors might prove fatal to the chances of Turkey for a full membership in the European Union.   Unless drastic economic and political measures are implemented, coupled with a complete turnaround in the European attitude towards Turkey, the wait for the much coveted EU membership might well take another decade or two.   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   REFERENCES European Union. The World FactBook. Central Intelligence Agency. United States Department of State. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ec.html Gerolymatos, A. Turkey and Europe: A Political and Historical Conundrum. Diogenes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved from: http://www.omogenia.com/~diogenis/turkeyandeurope.html Pipes, Mr. Moslem Europe. Retrieved from: http://www.falange.us/moslem5a.htm Powell, B. (26 Sept. 2005).Generation Jihad. Time Magazine online.   Retrieved from:   http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1109334-1,00.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Satiroglu, H.T.(03 October 2006). Turkey and Europe: An Invitation to Dance? WorldPoliticsWatch. Retieved from: http://worldpoliticswatch.com/article.aspx?id=229 Turkey. The World FactBook. Central Intelligence Agency. United States Department of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   State. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tu.html Wallbank, T.W., Taylor, A.M., Carson, G.B.Jr. (1960) Civilization. (Vol. Two). Glenview, Illinois. Scott, Foresman and Company. [1] See Wallbank, et al, pages 110-113, for an insightful discussion of the events in the Congress of Vienna. [2] See Wallbank, et al, page 193 for the map of the Ottoman Empire 1815. [3] Refer to the section on Turkey of The World Fact Book for the economic statistics on Turkey. [4] Read Generation Jihad by Bill Powell, pages 1-6, for a detailed discussion of this phenomenon.

Oppression And Discrimination Of Looked After Children Social Work Essay

Oppression And Discrimination Of Looked After Children Social Work Essay This essay explores how the identity of Looked after children (hereafter LAC) contribute to oppression and discrimination in two specific areas of Education and Health. The essay will analyse the role of legislation and policy in combating or promoting discrimination and oppression. The history, societal attitudes, diversity, views of the children and theories underpinning LAC will also be discussed. Finally I will focus on the implications and relevance to social work practice. Cocker and Allain (2008) identify LAC and young people as children in the care of the local authority, through a Care Order made by a court or voluntary agreement with their parent(s) to accommodate them. They may be looked after in childrens home by foster carers, or other family members. All unaccompanied asylum seeking children are deemed LAC. For the purposes of clarity I will start by defining oppression, discrimination and stigma. Thompson (1997) identifies oppression as the disregarding of individuals or group of peoples rights resulting in inhuman or abusive treatment with dominance and power by one group over another. For Thompson (2006), discrimination refers to a process of unfair or unequal treatment of individuals or groups resulting in undermining the interests of people from a less powerful category within society. Goffman (1963) highlights that stigma is constructed through social interactions. The individual who is stigmatised is seen as below societal expectations. Similarly, Parker and Aggleton (2003) associate stigma with an instrument that maintains boundaries between those with power and the powerless. This causes social inequalities that formulate into social norms that promote power structures. Through such power, social inequalities are developed leading to creation of social norms. From the above definitions oppression, discrimination and stigma it can be deduced that the common elements are abuse of power and privilege resulting in inequalities and disadvantage. LAC are one of the less fortunate groups of people in society who experience such treatment because of their identity. The last three decades have experienced a huge overhaul and introduction of legislation and policies seeking to address the needs of children. The Childrens Act 1989 reformed Law relating to children and in particular set out the framework for the provision of support for children and families and for the protection of children in England and Wales. This was in line with the United Nations on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC 1989) which was the first legally binding International instrument to promote the rights of children throughout the world. (Burke and Parker 2007). The Quality Protects (1998), Children Leaving Care Act (2000), Adoption and Children Act (2002), the Choice Protects policy, the Childrens Act (2004), Every Child Matters (2004), Care Matters (Green and White Papers) and The Children and Young Persons Act (2008) are some of the initiatives and legislation introduced to reinforce safeguarding children, and also as responses to reports of abuse, neglect, harm and safeguar ding children in different institutions of residential care in the UK with the most publicised individual cases such as the deaths of Victoria Climbe (2000). It was revealed that Staff working with vulnerable children was not adequately trained, rigorously checked on recruitment, no support and vigilance towards diversity and openness. This led to Laming Report (2003) which revealed significant failings within individuals and organisations which were meant to be looking after children. The Childrens Act (2004) emerged to implement and address the recommendations. In 2009 Lord Laming was also asked by the government to provide an emergency progress report on issues surrounding safeguarding children following the death of Baby P in 2007. He reinforced his earlier findings on systematic and individual failures as the cause of the death of Baby P (Laming report 2009). Research has questioned the effectiveness of such initiatives in reducing discrimination of LAC. Examples of such research are : Children experience of the Children Act (1989), Discrimination Against Young People in Care (1998): Remember my message (1993), The Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care in England Project (2006), Barriers to change in the Social Care (2000), Bursting at the seams (2010) and the recent Panorama BBC programme on experiences of children leaving Care (5 October 2010). The UK is a multicultural society with diversity which policy makers and legislators need to acknowledge. Blaine (2007) views diversity as the presence of differences in society in relation to gender, race, ethnicity, religion, social class and sexual orientation. These differences are neither good nor bad; however some of the differences are associated with inequality and disadvantage. Social work practice is concerned with addressing these differences and disadvantages (Burke and Parker 2007). There is no exact figure for LAC but DfE Statistics (2010) reveal that there were about 64,400 LAC as at 31 March 2010 while the BBC Panorama ( 2010) mentioned around 70, 000 LAC as of 5 October meaning the number is increasing. The main reasons of being in care were abuse or neglect (52 per cent). There were 3,400 Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children (UASC) who were looked after at 31 March 2010. This is a decrease of 12 per cent from 2009. There is a decrease in the Unaccompanied Asylum Seeker Children (UASC) (DfES 2010). Hogg and Vaughan (2002) views identity as associated with the process an individual becomes who they are in the sense of personhood and others view of who they are. Furthermore a person has multiple identities which need to be seen as part of the whole individual as disregarding some aspects would be misleading and reductive of the individuals identity. Graham (2000) highlights that identities have different meanings and are not fixed but change over time as a result of environment, personal circumstances and outside influences. These influences will significantly affect the social experience and the self image of those defined, through, for example the experience of negative discrimination. All aspects of a childs identity need to be recognised and acknowledged regardless of gender, race, ethnicity or religion. By developing a positive identity children are motivated and their self esteem is enhanced for them to feel a sense of value, belonging and worth Blaine (2007). However Cocker and Allain (2008) argue that not all environments are positive in fostering this idea. When this occur the child becomes withdrawn and shy to open up and engage. Having a LAC identity endangers a child to be different, socially excluded, marginalised and denied equal opportunities in accessing services.(Assessing Children in Need 2000). As such social workers need to adopt and work with a culturally sensitive approach and apply the balancing act to enhance the resilience concept. (Masten 1994 cited in Daniel et al 2002). Burke and Parker (2007) highlight that the social work context and the involvement of a social worker in a childs life apply and identify the child as different. From my experience in social care practice I agree with Burke and Parker when they note that the bureaucratic and comprehensive paperwork, regular review and educational meetings, visits, contact arrangements and procedures and guidelines are associated with the LAC; these are not experienced by most children in normal life settings. However this argument is dismissed by Garret (2003) cited in Burke and Parker (2007) when he affirms that paperwork and bureaucratic procedures are essential tools for a social worker to use in helping them identify and address important developmental needs of the child but should however encourage more one- to -one contact with the child rather than spending time on paperwork. Because of their identity a LAC they are disadvantaged and discriminated against at school and in matters related to Education. They most likely risk being expelled from School due to behaviour (DfE 2010).Statistics show that a third of LAC obtains a GCSE and a further fifth obtain fewer than five GCSEs. Although these figures are lower than a few years ago, they are still much higher than for children as a whole: more than half not obtaining five or more GCSEs compared to less than one in ten children as a whole (DfE 2010) The Social Exclusion Unit (2003) published a document A Better Education for Children in Care, (Thompson and Thompson 2003) which highlighted five reasons for the low attainment levels ranging from instability caused by insecure placements, bullying, lack of support and encouragement at home, time out of school due to expulsion, support and encouragement and emotional, mental or physical health. Schofield and Beek (2009) suggest that parents and people at home where the child lives need to be supportive and encouraging to the child learning success. School environment should promote learning that develops a child holistically to facilitate the self discovery method and accepting themselves as they interact with other children. They also note that this is not always the case as children are disrupted of continuity in settling and making friends if placement breaks down. Sometimes bullying at school results in low self esteem. Although most local authorities have put in place a number of inter disciplinary services looking at the physical, mental well being of children discrepancies still exist. However in Jackson and McParlin (2006) in their article The education of children in care professionals are seen to be making assumptions and jumping into conclusions ending up giving labels and long prescribed long term solutions to short term problems unnecessarily. This is associate d with neglect and discrimination. More training and awareness of diversity, anti discriminatory practices and individualised person centred approach should be reinforced (Every Child Matters 2004). Morgan (2010) argues that the problem of poor school performance in LAC lies in the care and education system not in the children. He argues that the care and education systems do not address pre care experiences of the childs low attainment and also fail to address the aftermath or the impact of separation when children are removed from their families. The child may be suffering from undiagnosed post traumatic stress which can erupt in any confined environment such as school classrooms. He also contends that teachers have no knowledge of the childs history. Teacher training does not equip teachers with knowledge of the care system and on addressing behaviour from LAC. Jackson et al (2005) cited in Morgan (2010) carried out a research with students in Higher education who had a care background over a five-year period. The respondents experienced a high level of trauma, abuse and neglect but were placed in foster homes that were supportive and valued education. The findings revealed that foster families who support education and celebrate the childs achievements are more likely to compensate to some level of the pre care experiences and promote higher attainment in education. It is important to place children in placements which are supportive to the childs success in education, foster resilience and offer a safe place to grow and achieve. To support childrens wellbeing the government has put in place the Children and Young Persons Act (2008) with a commitment to promote the wellbeing of children and those who are involved in their care. Children and Young Persons Act (2008). Dunnett et al (2006) acknowledged the initiatives by Government such as the improvement of health of LAC as important and the proposed Care Planning for LAC and Care Leavers to be implemented April 2011. However according to research a number of health deficits still prevailed such as ill health, poor diagnosis, and dental neglect, neglect of routine immunisation screening, poor diagnosis, limited attention to chronic ill health and limited attention to mental health problems. A study carried out by Loughborough University for the Department of Health (2006) revealed inconsistencies and concerns on consultation and treatment. Also studies revealed that teenagers in care found it difficult to discuss sex education due to fear, lack of privacy and trust. They wanted a significant trustworthy person to confide in. As such most of their health needs are overlooked and not met as they are labelled, stereotyped and marginalised. Axford (2008) in her article exploring social exclusion noted this difficulty as more prevalent among children from Black Ethnic Minority background who face a cultural, language and racism within organisations that are meant to support and look after them especially asylum seekers. In the article LAC experiences of the Children Act (1989) highlighted that there are continuing myths about the Act which are still disadvantaging LAC. The children still feel they are not fully aware of their rights under the Act as they face day to day regulations and successive barriers. Children still feel they do not receive what the law says they should. A typical example was in socialising with restrictions on risk assessments for overnight stays by teenagers in care. This has brought a sense of discrimination and marginalisation as it is for normal teenagers to do overnight stays. Prout (2000) cited in Glenny and Roaf (2008) further picked up another conflict and tension among within government departments and targets when he mentions that control and self realisation are both present in legislation and policy but in tension. On one camp there is the idea of viewing children as individuals with a capacity for self realisation within a safe societal environment while in the other camp there is the idea of viewing children as vulnerable and requiring control, regulation and surveillance. One example is the Youth Matters Four Challenges to help teenagers achieve the Every Child Matters outcomes. ( DfES 2005) Social workers need to listen, engage and work in partnership with looked after children. In a research by Holland (2010) exploring the Ethics of Care as being marginalised, not being implemented and recognised, it was evidenced that lasting relationships are disrupted by placements as children often acknowledged their links to their past and significant people in their lives. This highlights the importance of their individual pathway in promoting their wellbeing and interpersonal relationships and future achievements. Clarke (2010) emphasises the need to sustain and promote lasting care relationships with formal carers and social workers to avoid the consequences of loss, neglect and worthlessness by listening to their story, exploring and putting their needs and choices first. Oliver et al (2006)s Briefing Paper Advocacy for LAC unveiled that research has highlighted that there were some ambivalence within professionals as to what extent children must be involved in decision making to matters concerning their care as well as resource barriers. To overcome these constraints Winter (2009) suggested regular contact, feedback, advocacy and pu tting the needs of the child first need to be priority as children value being listened to and having their wishes fulfilled by active participation in matters concerning their wellbeing. In a consultation exercise with young persons leaving care as part of my coursework, they highlighted that sometimes they did not receive any satisfactory feedback from social workers when they need it. Also they mentioned that there was a lot of bureaucracy such as reviews or educational meetings which made them feel treated differently. Social work regular visits at school made them feel stigmatised. The respondents felt they wanted to be treated as normal children not service users. Barriers to Change in the Social Care (2000), a report by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, supports that there should be a human rights approach in working with LAC. Glenny and Roaf (2008) suggested early Intervention is essential to support children and families before problems either from within the family or as a result of external factors, which have an impact on both the child and family. Statutory and voluntary organisations have an obligation to work in partnership for the success of early intervention agenda. Teamwork will establish protocols which will help to ensure early indications of being at risk of social exclusion are addressed and receive proper attention. McLeod (1998) highlighted the need to acknowledge Child development which enable children accept and discover themselves through stages and exposure to promote self awareness, confidence, self esteem and positive attitudes. McLeod highlighted Freuds psycho-analysis theory (1859-1939), Ericksons psycho-social development theory (1950) and Bowlbys attachment theory (1969). This view is shared in the literature review by Hunt (2003) cited in Ritchie (2005) which highlights that although there is no concrete evidence of kinship care over non kin foster care there are indications that chances are the former promotes the childs wellbeing and welfare than the latter. It is important for social workers to be aware of child developmental needs and how valuable family ties are. Schofield and Beek, (2005) cited in Shaw (2010) affirms that past relationships with family and professionals has an impact on the childs wellbeing and ability to cope with life on their own. Active parenting focusing o n the childs needs and positive engagement with the child will help and promote skills to deal with difficult situations in life. Social workers need to promote resilience to empower children to face challenges and deal with their past and future (Daniel and Wassell 2002) . Bates et al (1997) suggests that assessment framework should foster identity and acknowledge diversity in order to promote a childs perception of themselves and their environment. Social workers need to employ anti-discriminatory practice with opportunities and resources for self discovery through interaction (Assessment for Children in need Practice 2000). The Children and Young Persons Act (2008) also emphasises its commitment to promote a childs well being and the people involved in the care of the child. This essay discussed a particular aspect of discrimination and oppression among LAC and extent to which legislation, policy, practice and services relevant to social work exacerbate or assist in overcoming negative experiences of LAC. Although there has been notable initiatives in addressing the needs of LAC for the past ten years a lot still has to be done in terms of societal attitudes, resources and safeguarding. To achieve the every child matters outcomes all the stakeholders need to work together by putting the needs and act in the best interest of the child. By listening and engaging with LAC practitioners will be able to improve Childrens quality of life. Anti discriminatory practice, empowerment, diversity and equal opportunities practices are part of the answer.

Emily Dickinsons Works Essay -- Emily Dickinson Poet Essays

Emily Dickinson's Works There is a life in Emily Dickinson’s poems, readers have found. Although one may not completely understand her as a legend, a writer, or as a part of literature books, she is considered one of America’s greatest poets. While unknown answers may not be revealed about her, secrets may not be told, nor any new discoveries made, evidence from books and articles showing Emily Dickinson’s experiences and hardships exists. Critic Paul J. Ferlazzo describes her writings: â€Å"Many students and casual readers of her poetry have enjoyed hearing tales about her which remind them of storybook heroines locked in castles, of beautiful maidens cruelty relegated to a life of drudgery and obscurity, of genius so great that all the world’s suppression cannot deny its flowering.† 1 Many researchers ignore the bases of her writings, her life, and her dreams. Fascinated by many works examining the life and writings of Emily Dickinson, some may find that Dickinson’s trials at a young age are the basis of many assumptions today. The facts of her childhood and young adult life are few and simple,but the interpretations are many and complex. She was born in Amherst Massachusetts, a small farming town which had a college and a hat factory; she seldom left her home town. Even though she was claimed to be a high-spirited and active young woman, Dickinson began to withdraw from society in the 1850’s; virtually her only contact with her friends came to be made through letters. Wendy Martin, a critic of Emily Dickinson, discusses Dickinson’s choice of seclusion: â€Å"...as a young woman, Dickinson rejected these comforting traditions, [anxiety, helplessness, anger, confusion, desperation, fears, and frustrations] resisted ma... ... Endnotes 1) Ferlazzo, Paul J. Pg. 13 2) Martin, Wendy Pg. 79 3) Ferlazzo, Paul J. Pg. 19 4) Martin, Wendy Pg. 84 5) Keller, Karl Pg. 205 6) Martin, Wendy Pg. 86 7) Ferlazzo, Paul J. Pg. 32 8) Wells, Henry W. Pg. 257-258 9) Pollitt, Josephine E. Pg. 72 10) Ferlazzo, Paul J. Pg. 35 11) Faust, Langdon Lynne Pg. 164 12) Griffith, Clark Pg. 140 13) Cody, John Pg. 212 14) Ferlazzo, Paul J. Pg. 41 15) Higginson, Thomas Wentworth Pg. 444 16) The Readers Companion to American History Pg. 1 17) Cody, John Pg. 160 18) Lindburg- Seyersted, Brita Pg. 57 11) Faust, Langdon Lynne Pg. 164

Psychological Development Essay -- Psychology, Pregnancy

Psychological development is the development of a person’s emotional, intellectual, cognitive, and social capabilities and functions that they acquire throughout their lifetime. This starts from birth and carries on until death, but how does pregnancy affect the development stage? There are many myths that when women become pregnant their cognitive capabilities begin to decrease and the mother suffers from ‘baby brain’ or ‘placenta brain’. Scientists are interested in this and some wondered what role pregnancy plays in the increase or decrease of a woman’s cognitive function. An experiment by Christensen et al (2010) they tested cognition speed, immediate recall, working memory, and delay memory in pregnant, non-pregnant women, and during motherhood. The hypothesis of this study was to see if pregnancy affects cognitive skills in women, and this was tested through surveys and questioners (Christensen et al., 2010). With all the multiple tests there was no negative impact on the pregnant women’s intelligence (Christensen et al., 2010). Therefore, with this study there was no s...

Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own Proves Students Need Schools of Their Own :: Room of Ones Own Essays

Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own Proves Students Need Schools of Their Own According to the Children’s Defense Fund, in 1989 an average of 1,375 children dropped out of school every day. As a future educator, my reaction to this figure is one of horror and disbelief. Once I get past the shock of such a figure and the obligatory rhetorical questions: How could we let this happen?, I become an investigator. I begin to look for patterns in the profiles of students who have failed. I consider the curriculum these students ingest and how it is fed to them. I try to understand what circumstances result in the forsaking of 1,375 students per day. As a nation, we have established institutions of learning that cater to the needs of some. Our schools allow a select handful of students to succeed. Certain segments of our population appear to be at greater risk than others. The future does not bode well for young black and Latino men and women who do not make it through high school. According to Duane Campbell, author of Choosing Democracy, the unemployment rate for Latino men and women is substantially higher than the national average and an African American child is as likely to go to prison as to college (15). According to the Economic Policy Institute, in 1991 43% of African American children and 35% of Latino children were living in poverty. It is not surprising that a vast number of the 501,875 annual school drop-outs come from impoverished black and Latino families. Of course it is not only blacks and Latinos who are lost in the educational shuffle. There are hordes of students who simply do not fit into the traditional public school paradigm. Whether this poor fit is the result of an unorthodox learning style, an emotional disability or a need for a higher level of teacher involvement, these students are often failed. Such students may stay in school, but they receive a sub-standard education. Virginia Woolf, in her essay "A Room of One’s Own" makes a strong case for schools which cater to the needs of students who are failed by our existing system. I did not see the connection between "A Room of One’s Own" and education upon my first reading of the essay, as a matter of fact the idea came to me as I read Woolf’s essay "The Common Reader.

Group Research Paper- Online Platforms Essay

According to Thompson virtual team is any task-focused group that meets without all members necessarily being physically present or working at the same time (Thompson, 2011 p.). According to the article, The Knowledge Advantage of Virtual Teams Processes Supporting Knowledge Synergy, it has been previously argued that virtual teams emerged as a new organizational form of ‘working together apart’. However, their novelty has been attributed to the use of technologically advanced communications rather than to their organizational properties (Ratcheva, 2008). Therefore, we can see the importance of having a good platform the Ford Company Virtual Team Communication. As a team, we review five online platforms of our choice that we believed could be used for Ford Company virtual team to communicate with their worldwide divisions. The team came together and created a grading platform based on the following six criteria: Technology Features Offered, Design and Customization, Security and Access for (Global/Region Capabilities), Viewing and Moving Content, Accessibility and User Friendly. Each criterion was out of five points for a total of 30 possible points. I believe that Ford Company should use the platform because the team considers all possible features when creating the grading platform. We review and discuss what features would be needed in order for a global team to function virtually without any difficulty. The following are the advantages and disadvantages of each of the online platforms that could be used by the virtual team and the team rating of each platform and the reasons for the ratings. Microsoft Outlook According to the official sites of Microsoft, Outlook is a personal information managers and the software is available as a part of the Microsoft Office. The software is used as an email application. It includes a calendar, task manager, contact manager, note taking, a journal, and web browsing (Microsoft Corporation.com/ Outlook). The article, Information overload, explains that Outlook does have powerful features, such as sharing of workgroup calendars, and as it is the standard, you will find add-on programs like NEO a brilliant application that organizes Outlook mailboxes the way they should have been by Microsoft, and makes searching so much easier. However, the article explains that Outlook can also be hazardous for your data because the PST files into which Outlook bundles email, appointments and contacts will corrupt once they grow beyond 2GB. The article explain that it can be repair, but you will lose at least some and if you are unlucky, all of your data. Therefore, Outloo k has it advantages and disadvantages. The Team rate outlook as the least favorite and it received an 18 out of 30 because Microsoft Outlook is great for email, calendar events, and sending documents. There is no chat feature or face-to-face option and it may be hazardous for your data. Since, Ford Motor Company need this platform for it virtual team to communicate with their worldwide divisions the team will need to used some time of chat, face-to-face options therefore Outlook is not the right choice for the company. Facebook According to the official website of Facebook, the company mission is to make the world more open and connected. In addition, the site explain that people use Facebook to stay connected with friends and family, to discover what’s going on in the world, and to share and express what matters to them (Facebook Newsroom Key-Fats, 2013). Facebook Platform enables developers to build social apps that enable people to connect with their friends, whether it is through playing a game, watching a movie, sharing their favorite restaurant, or listening to a song (Facebook Newsroom Platform, 2013). Based on the Team grading platform Facebook received an overall 19 out of 30. The Team found that Facebook is great for communication and maybe sharing documents but the site is not built for professional communication since there seems to always be hackers breaking into the system. Therefore, the team feels that for business communication Facebook cannot be trusted. According to the article, Contextual gaps: privacy issues on Facebook, Facebook present significant privacy issues for their users, the article analyze two of Facebooks’s features, Applications and News Feed Offline, it was found that contextual gaps are at the root of many of the sites’ privacy issues. In addition, the article explains that the application, which nearly invisibly shares not just a users’, but also a user’s friends’ information with third parties, clearly violates standard norms of information flow. Furthermore, the article concluded by saying that many of the privacy issues on Facebook are primarily design issues, which could be ameliorated by a n interface that made the flows of information more transparent to users (Hull, Lipford & Latulipe, 2011). Additionally, this article tiles, Facebook & Your Privacy. (cover story) explains that â€Å"Facebook collects and shares data in ways that the consumer is often unaware, such as third-party applications, links from other web resources, and facial recognition software for shared photographs. Threats posed by Facebook use include threats and harassment by other users, hacking, and monitoring of personal data by employers, college admissions, or insurers† ( 2012). Therefore, the team concluded that Facebook was not a viable option for Ford Motor Company team communication platform. LinkedIn According to the official’s sites of LinkedIn, LinkedIn is the social network for work professionals created by Reid Hoffman in 2002 and currently the network has about 161 million professionals worldwide. In addition, when individuals joined LinkedIn, they get access to people, jobs, news, updates, and insights that help them be great at what you do (LinkedIn about us, 2013). Based on the Team grading platform LinkedIn received an overall 22 out of 30. The reason for this is because LinkedIn is mostly for Job seekers and to connect with other professionals. According to this article, LinkedIn Corporation, The firm operates an online professional network designed to help members find jobs, connect with other professionals, and locate business opportunities (LinkedIn Corporation). Therefore, it does not have all the necessary tools needed for Ford Motor Company team communication. Microsoft SharePoint According to the article, Enhancing Project Management with Microsoft Office SharePoint Server 2007, Microsoft SharePoint is a technology platform that can be configured and customized to play a number of roles in an organization. The advantages of this platform are numerous because the software provides an environment for project management since a project manager can use the software to manage his team collaboration, control project documents, structure project workflow, manage risks, track project’s progress, or share information with the stakeholders (2010). In addition, as a company grows so does the amount documents the company has, therefore, it become difficult to keep track of the increase documents and their locations. SharePoint defeat this by allowing users to store and share files in a central site. The team rating of Microsoft SharePoint was 25 out of 30 it was the second favorite because of all the features it has. However, it true the software allows users to share documents but there is no interactive feature. Furthermore, the article The Disadvantages of Microsoft SharePoint 2007 as a Document Management System, explains, that â€Å"One of the key features most DMS/CMS systems offer are document level options like redaction and document mark-ups. SharePoint does not provide this functionality as it relies on its Microsoft Office suite for document manipulation† (Steward, 2008). Therefore, we can conclude that some of the key features needed for virtual communication is missing from this platform. Google According to the article, Datamonitor: Google Inc., Google has a wide portfolio of offerings, The company currently offers include search, operating systems and platforms, and enterprise products. It maintains a vast index of websites and other online content, and makes it available through Google.com, the company’s search engine, to anyone with an internet connection. In addition, the company’s application tools allow users to create, share, and communicate user-generated information. Some of Google’s applications products include Google Docs, Google Calendar, Gmail, Google Groups, Google Reader, Orkut, Blogger, Google Sites, and YouTube (2011). Furthermore, the article title, Google Voice, talks about a new software release in 2011 call Google Voice. This device is a hybrid phone/internet service. The article explains that what makes Google Voice worthwhile are all of the extra features namely voice mail, free SMS, free calls to anywhere in the U.S., cheap international calls, custom greetings, conference calling, call history, voice transcription to text, email and SMS notifications, the ability to hear who is calling before you pick up, the ability to block unwanted calls, the ability to record phone calls and store them online, the ability to forward, embed, or download voice mails, and the fact that all of these features are managed through an intuitive, centralized interface styled after Gmail that can be accessed from any computer, any telephone, or any mobile browser (Johnson, 2010). Therefore, the team gave Google 27 out of 30 because Google has a lot of features, the email platform has chat capabilities, share documents, photos, and videos, and requests via calendar. In addition, Google + feature allow video chat, and they all are available on mobile, PC, or tablet. That is the reasons that Google received the highest rating out of the five platforms, because it offers every features a virtual team possibly need. Conclusion Having a good platform for the Ford Company virtual team is very important in order the virtual team to succeed. Therefore, Group 1 has come up with a grading criterion that take under consideration all the features needed for a virtual team to success when it comes to a communication platforms. The group did a throughout evaluation of what is needed when communicating virtually and comes up with five platforms. Then each platforms went through a completely evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages. After a complete evaluation Google platform were found to be the best because of all the features it offer to it customer when it come to virtual communication.

Case Study Team and Team Processes

In the chemise study Team and Team Processes, suck in A and she-goat B control two distinguishable concepts of what is group work. Johnson (2009) states that, a aggroup up is a token of theme. Consequently, twain squads ar classifys, but not distributively(prenominal) groups be squads. The following triad interventions ordain wrangle contravene direction, office competitiveness, and essay toward the same goal. This paper pull up s fathers discuss the case study variances in hold dear A and l put to workate B aggroups. In the following paper I will classify a minimum of three interventions to recommend addressing concerns expressed by blow B.The interventions being discussed are interlocking management, reference conflict, and striving toward the same goal. In closing, the recommended interventions will be justified and explanation. A group consists of two or more lot who interact with each some other and part a common purpose (Erofeev, glasswo rker, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). A aggroup is a type of group (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Teams are a critical instalment of any group, particularly within healthcare organization. for each one person on a police squad up plays a vital role in ensuring that all needs are met, task are completed daily, and patients are being cared for properly. Teams are an essential segment of any organization, particularly within healthcare. Each person on a squad plays a vibrant part in confirming all organization prerequisites are met, undertaking are complete regularly, and patients are properly being cared for. Teamwork and collaboration mingled with all health professionals results in extravagantly fictional character clinical care, and increased subscriber line satisfaction for staff (Begley, 2009).When team members disaccord on the same goal, usually it ends in conflict among the team. health care managers derive it is definitive to control and manage conflicts within t he organization. The bedrock to positive conflict management is for both teams to assist in solving the conflict and line of work oppose to proving each other wrong. In the case study oblige B express concerns regarding working with tantamount(predicate) staff members of the working(a) team. The moral and ambiance of the team is increasingly deteriorating.In addition, the teams job contentment and require to go to work has severely been impacted. For a team to be utile providing quality care, the aura of the team should be standard and respected. Better outcomes will be achieved when team members perceive supportive team atmosphere and an empowering team contact with clear and collectively developed goals, an appropriate mix of dexterity and expertise, and rewards links to team performance (Proenca 2007). afterward additional analysis of the case study, conflict management among team members should everlastingly be addressed.Resolving conflict net be a continuous bala ncing act for healthcare staff because it is demanding and confusing. struggle management is vital for the success of healthcare organizations. Learning, as an organization, to constructively manage and succeed in conflict situations is a foundational construct of leaders and management (Ledlow, 2009). Currently six different conflict bolts exist (1) accommodating, (2) avoiding, (3) collaborating, (4) competing, (5) compromising and (6) problem solving.The surgical team displays conflict style of avoiding potential disruption outweighs the benefits of closedown, gathering study supersedes immediate decision making, others can make up the conflict more effectively and issues look a result of other issues, (Ledlow, 2009). Nurse B instead of having to contract the physician Assistant regarding the issues, should have been comfortable decent to address the concern with the physician. The surgical team of Nurse B is experiencing role conflict.Conflict arises when a central person s ideas of his or her requirements are incongruent with expectations from roles settle members (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). In healthcare organization it is important for all staff to know and understand his or her role. For Nurse B team to be an effective and successful team each member should recognise what type of teams is essential and mutually allows the job to run done. When the teams comes together the effort will award group cohesion. Once the team is established, each member must continuously audition to strive towards the same objectives and goals.A nice recommendation for Nurse B surgical team is Intervention techniques. Intervention always help to improve situations among the team. Intervention can be wither conflict resolution or educate sessions, team twist made by changes, and developing guidelines identifying team members roles. Intervention provides see to iting for team members on what procedures are current and procedures no bimestrial being u tilized. Goal setting training leads to greater effectiveness at the undivided level and improved team cogency (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009).In conclusion, the surgical team of Nurse B will be effective once teams members identify his or her conflicts and works as a team, consequently refining the effectiveness and assess of the unit. In a team, individuals actions are interdependent and coordinated, each member has a undertake role, and members share common task goals or objectives (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). Conflict management and role conflict can hinder the success of a team. Role conflict arises when a focal persons ideas of his or her requirements are incongruent with expectations from role set members (Erofeev, Glazer, & Ivanitskaya, 2009). intercourse and trust is important to any team with a healthcare organization. A rudimentary element to healthy group dynamics is role expectation or communication. Healthcare managers role is to ascertain that every person of the team understands what his or her role are. . Healthcare administrators must take steps to design better teams, train team members to work together, manage team performance, structure the work performed by the team and provide support to team members (Erpfeev, Glazer & Ivanitskaya, 2009).